leucas revealed the absence of a comprehensive overview of fresh and brackish water localities (rivers and associated lakes, estuaries) with C. The author's review of the available literature on C. Due to the physical capability of this species to enter riverine systems, the documentation of its occurrence in fresh and brackish water is essential for future conservation plans, fishery inspections, and scientific studies that focus on the link between low salinity habitats, shark nurseries, and feeding areas. leucas, as suggested by observations of pregnant females in estuaries and neonates with umbilical scars in rivers and river mouths. Rivers and estuaries are believed to be important nursery grounds for C. This species is found not only in river systems with sea access that are not interrupted by human impediments but in hypersaline lakes as well. Carcharhinus leucas is a fully euryhaline, amphidromous species and possibly the widest-ranging of all freshwater tolerating elasmobranchs. leucas are possible everywhere inside its geographic range. As a consequence, freshwater occurrences of C. It is a cosmopolitan species with a geographical range that includes the coastlines of all major ocean basins (Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Pacific Ocean). The bull shark ( Carcharhinus leucas Valenciennes, 1839) is a large, primarily coastally distributed shark famous for its ability to penetrate far into freshwater bodies in tropical, subtropical, and warm-temperate climates.
4.2.1 Distribution in the western Indian Ocean.4.1.3 Distribution in the eastern Atlantic Ocean.4.1.2 Distribution in the northern and central Atlantic Ocean.4.1.1 Distribution in the western Atlantic Ocean.4 Distribution and available distribution maps of Carcharhinus leucas.
3 Results: A listing of rivers, lakes, estuaries, bays, and lagoons with records of Carcharhinus leucas.
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